Rh Complex Catalyzed Alternating Copolymerization of Alkylallene or Aryloxoallene with Carbon Monoxide: Influence of Monomer Structures on the Reaction Rate

Author(s):  
Yasumasa Takenaka ◽  
Kohtaro Osakada
1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1678-1685
Author(s):  
Vladimír Stuchlý ◽  
Karel Klusáček

Kinetics of CO methanation on a commercial Ni/SiO2 catalyst was evaluated at atmospheric pressure, between 528 and 550 K and for hydrogen to carbon monoxide molar ratios ranging from 3 : 1 to 200 : 1. The effect of reaction products on the reaction rate was also examined. Below 550 K, only methane was selectively formed. Above this temperature, the formation of carbon dioxide was also observed. The experimental data could be described by two modified Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic models, based on hydrogenation of surface CO by molecularly or by dissociatively adsorbed hydrogen in the rate-determining step. Water reversibly lowered catalyst activity and its effect was more pronounced at higher temperature.


The oxidation of carbon monoxide in equimolar mixtures (CO + O 2 ) has been studied in a well-stirred open system (0.5 dm 3 ) at vessel temperatures in the range 700-840 K, and reactant pressures up to 100 Torr ( ca . 13.3 kPa) at a mean residence time of 8.5 s. Stationary states are established and oscillatory states sustained indefinitely in this system. The effect of small quantities of added hydrogen is studied by a carefully controlled, continuous supplement to the principal reactants. Four different modes of reaction (I-IV) have been characterized, and conditions for their occurrence mapped on a reactant pressure-vessel temperature ( p - T a ) ignition diagram. Most boundaries are quite sharp, and some show evidence of hysteresis. Close to the axes, reaction is slow, non-luminous and non-oscillatory (I). Within a first broad promontory (II) reaction is accompanied by steady luminescence. Crossing the boundary is not accompanied by a step change in reaction rate, but there is a change in character from stable node (in I) to stable focus (in II). Auto-oscillatory luminescence occurs in a closed region (III) wholly within the promontory II. The effects of adding hydrogen on all these modes is to increase the reaction rates markedly and to make them non-isothermal; the boundaries between I, II and III are not as greatly affected. However, systems to which more than 0.10% H 2 have been added also display a new mode, of oscillatory ignition. This appears at first in a region (IV) of high temperatures and pressures but as more H 2 is increased its realm expands and it eventually dominates the ignition diagram, invading the region of luminescence and soon obliterating the oscillatory part completely.


Author(s):  
Markus Allmendinger ◽  
Robert Eberhardt ◽  
Gerrit A. Luinstra ◽  
Ferenc Molnar ◽  
Bernhard Rieger

1930 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. McLennan F.R.S. ◽  
J. V. S. Glass B.A.

This paper deals with the action of cathode rays on gases and gas mixtures. Methane, methane-oxygen mixtures, carbon monoxide and carbon monoxide-oxygen mixtures were examined. Methane gave small percentages of hydrogen and ethane. Methane and oxygen mixtures gave as gaseous products, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen, the only other products being water and formic acid. The relative proportions of the products do not vary widely under a wide variation of conditions.The reaction was found to be of the first order with respect to pressure. The reaction rate increases linearly with the voltage up to a certain value, after which it becomes nearly independent of the voltage.The action of cathode rays on carbon monoxide produces carbon dioxide and a solid brown suboxide which is extremely soluble in water, and its composition corresponds to a formula (C3O)n. If the carbon monoxide is moist, no visible amount of solid or liquid is found and there is less carbon dioxide.Carbon monoxide-oxygen mixtures under the action of cathode rays form carbon dioxide. Presence of water vapor has a retarding effect on the reaction. For mixtures of the same composition the reaction rate is proportional to the total pressure. For dry mixtures the product increases with the carbon monoxide present; when moist it is much less, and independent of the carbon monoxide.


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